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Advance exact science of nowadays inherited the original ontology's its efforts to systemize and conceptualize. In this respect the concept of ontology is now a non-speculative methodology for both studying reality objects and its used tools, which both instruments are important for our orientation in the space of physical, technical, mental and societal world. So, within the exactly considered ontology, we deal with the process of studying, as well as with the outcome of such studying of the objects observed or created by man and their respective made by man concepts, relations between them and relations between their systems in the fields of the given scientific branches. This book Ontological Analyses in Science, Technology and Informatics - the second volume released within the framework of the IntechOpen project in this field - is the illustration of application of the concept of ontology approach understood in the modern and exact way, it is the presentation of the Ontology science. This book covers the examples of the modern ontology approach, especially the approach in the branch of the Information Science dealing with the Inference and Proof, Knowledge patterns, Cross-Application Communication, Diagnosis and Expert systems in Health and Food and the Taxonomy problems.The intended readers of this book are researchers, students and all the practitioners in the field.

Keywords

Ontology.

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Object-oriented ontology offers a startlingly fresh way to think about causality that takes into account developments in physics since 1900. Causality, argues, Object Oriented Ontology (OOO), is aesthetic. In this book, Timothy Morton explores what it means to say that a thing has come into being, that it is persisting, and that it has ended. Drawing from examples in physics, biology, ecology, art, literature and music, Morton demonstrates the counterintuitive yet elegant explanatory power of OOO for thinking causality. Dans cet ouvrage, Timothy Morton, écologiste de premier ordre, critique littéraire et philosophe orienté vers l’objet nous entraîne dans une nuit magique des objets. Si les choses sont intrinsèquement en retrait, irréductibles à leur perception, à leurs relations, ou à leurs usages, elles peuvent seulement s’affecter les unes les autres dans une étrange région de traces et d’empreintes : la dimension esthétique. Tout objet scintille dans l’absence. Les choses sensibles sont des élégies à la disparition des objets. Est-ce cela ne nous dit pas quelque chose de la dimension esthétique, à savoir pourquoi les philosophes l’ont souvent considérée comme le royaume du mal?

Keywords

ontology; objects; causality

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J. G. Fichte é uma figura central da história da filosofia europeia. A sua teoria da consciência humana, que intitulou Doutrina da Ciência, é a primeira tentativa de reconstrução da filosofia após a fim da metafísica moderna.

Muito para além dos lugares comuns da história da filosofia, que a considerava tradicionalmente como um idealismo subjectivo ou um mero ponto de passagem entre Kant e Hegel, a Doutrina da Ciência constitui uma investigação, sobre bases teóricas inéditas, acerca das condições e categorias fundamentais do conhecimento e da acção. Com uma coerência ímpar, Fichte estuda as condições necessárias para construir uma teoria do conhecimento e da acção, partindo do conceito de liberdade para reflectir de modo radical sobre a consciência humana do mundo e de si, e sobre como podemos conhecer e agir eticamente.

Este livro é a primeira introdução em português

Keywords

Metaphysics. --- Philosophy --- God --- Ontology --- Philosophy of mind

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The volume contains the proceedings of the conference on the subject of relational ontology, which involved a group of scholars of classical German philosophy with the aim of explaining the reasons, drawing inspiration and categories from the ideal and conceptual constellation of that age of culture. The idea from which they make the contributions is that for relational ontology we can understand a theory on the structure of reality (onto-logic), attentive to the development of the explanatory and normative potential of the category of reciprocity. The contributions thus define a path that, starting from Kant and the question of a unity and duplicity of the ego, passing through the consideration of the Fichtian relational ontology and the idea of a constitution of identity responding to the appeal from the other (on this theme a dialogue Ricoeur / Fichte is also staged), it touches on the notion of natural law of Schelling, to arrive at the Hegelian construction of an ontology and logic of the relationship, which can be found in the very notion of civil society, and finally to reading in a 'materialistic' key of Kantian transcendental idealism, in relation to the notion of reciprocal action. Il volume raccoglie gli atti del convegno sul tema dell’ontologia relazionale che ha coinvolto un gruppo di studiosi della filosofia classica tedesca con l’intento di enuclearne i motivi, traendo spunti e categorie dalla costellazione ideale e concettuale di quella età di cultura. L’idea da cui muovono i contributi è che per ontologia relazionale si possa intendere una teoria sulla struttura della realtà (onto-logia), attenta allo svolgimento del potenziale esplicativo e normativo della categoria della reciprocità. I contributi definiscono così un percorso che, a partire da Kant e dalla questione di una unità e duplicità dell’io, e passando per la considerazione della ontologia fichtiana della relazione e dell’idea di una costituzione dell’identità rispondente all’appello dell’altro (su questo tema viene anche inscenato un dialogo Ricoeur/Fichte), tocca la nozione di diritto naturale di Schelling, per arrivare infine alla costruzione hegeliana di un’ontologia e logica della relazione rinvenibile nella stessa nozione di società civile, così come alla lettura in chiave ‘materialistica’ dell’idealismo trascendentale kantiano in rapporto alla nozione di azione reciproca.

Keywords

law --- morality --- logic --- relationship --- ontology --- identity

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Gustav Bergmann (1906-1987) was, arguably, one of the greatest ontologists of the twentieth century. In 2006 and 2007, after a period of relative neglect, international conferences devoted solely to Bergmann''s work were held at the University of Iowa in the USA, Université de Provence in France, and Università degli Studi di Roma Tre in Italy. The fifteen papers collected in this volume were presented at the third of these conferences, in Rome, and are here divided into three sections: ""Categories of a realistic ontology"", ""World, mind, and relations"", ""Metaphysics of space and time"".

Keywords

Bergmann, Gustav, 1906-1987 -- Congresses. --- Ontology -- Congresses. --- Philosophy & Religion --- Philosophy --- Ontology --- Bergmann, Gustav,